Surah Al-An'am – Qur'an-Only Tafsir

• Allah alone created the heavens and the earth, and made the darkness and the light.
• Yet disbelievers still give others a share with Him: so-called “saints”, sheikhs, imams, idols, systems and desires.

• We are created from a low, non-divine origin: clay.
• There are two fixed terms:
  • Your personal life term – when you die.
  • The Resurrection term – fixed with Allah, cannot be delayed.
• Even with this certainty, many still doubt and live like there is no accountability coming.

• “He is Allah in the heavens and in the earth” = His authority, command, and knowledge surround all creation.
• He knows what you hide and what you show; He knows every deed you “earn”.

• Every sign that comes from their Lord is turned away from.
• They deliberately deny the truth when it reaches them.
• But soon, the “news” of what they mocked – punishment, regret, and reality – will come to them.

• Allah reminds them of past generations:
  • They were more strongly established on earth than the current people.
  • They had abundant rain, rivers, and material blessings.
• Yet they were destroyed for their sins and replaced by others.

• If a physical book came down on parchment that they could touch, they would still call it “magic”.
• If angels came, the test would be over and the matter settled; no more respite.
• If the messenger had been an angel, he would still need to appear as a man, and they would still be confused and argue.

The real problem is not lack of signs – it is arrogance and stubbornness.

• Messengers before Muhammad were ridiculed.
• In the end, the very punishment they mocked surrounded them.
• Allah tells the Prophet to say: travel and see how the rejectors ended.

Today, those who defend pure Qur'an-only tawḥīd and reject fabricated innovations may also be mocked – this does not make them wrong; it puts them in the same pattern as earlier believers.

• The question “To whom belongs whatsoever is in the heavens and the earth?” exposes the answer: Allah alone.
• He has written mercy upon Himself – He chose to treat creation with mercy.
• He will surely assemble all on the Day of Resurrection, no doubt in it.
• Those who have truly lost themselves are the ones who don’t believe in that meeting.

• Whatever moves, lives, or rests in the night or day is under Allah’s ownership.
• He hears every call and knows every thought – there is no space for “shared control” with any other being.

• The Prophet is commanded to say very clearly: he cannot take any walī (protector/guardian) besides Allah, Who created everything and feeds all.
• He himself is commanded to be the first to submit and to avoid every form of shirk.
• He openly says he fears the punishment of a tremendous Day if he disobeys his Lord.
• Whoever is saved from that punishment, it is only because Allah had mercy on him – that is the real success, not someone claiming “automatic Jannah” through a ritual or a slogan.

• If He touches you with affliction, no one can remove it except Him.
• If He gives you good, it is also from Him – He has power over everything.
• He is al-Qahhār (the Omnipotent) over His slaves, All-Wise, All-Knowing.

• The greatest testimony is Allah’s witness between the Prophet and the people.
• The Qur’an was revealed to warn: “you and whomsoever it may reach” – meaning, the message is now binding for everyone who receives it.
• They are asked if they testify that there are other gods with Allah. The Prophet is ordered to reject such a testimony completely and declare Allah as the only One God.
• People of the Book who are honest recognize this Qur’an like they recognize their own sons – yet those who reject it have “lost their souls”.

• Two categories are declared as the most unjust:
  • Those who invent lies about Allah – for example, claiming He said something He never said.
  • Those who deny His revelations – turning away from the clear verses.
• These people will never truly succeed, even if they look powerful in dunya.

• On the Day of Gathering, the mushriks will be asked: “Where are your partners you used to claim?”
• Their only “excuse” will be to swear by Allah that they were not mushriks.
• Allah exposes them: they are lying against themselves; all their invented partners vanish.

• Some physically sit and listen to the Prophet, but Allah describes a covering over their hearts and deafness in their ears.
• Even if they see every sign, they refuse to believe; when they come, they only argue and label the Qur’an as “tales of the ancients”.
• They also block others from the Qur’an and keep themselves away from it.
• In reality, they are only destroying themselves without realizing it.

• When they are made to stand by the Fire, they will wish to go back and promise to believe and obey.
• But Allah reveals that the truth they used to hide is now exposed; if they were sent back, they would repeat what they were forbidden from – they were liars in their promises.
• Their main creed in dunya was: “There is only our worldly life, we will not be raised again.”
• When they finally stand before their Lord, He asks: “Is this not the truth?” They admit “Yes, by our Lord”, but then they are told to taste the punishment for their disbelief.
• The real losers are those who denied the meeting with Allah. The Hour surprises them, they regret their negligence, and carry their burdens on their backs.

• This world is described as la‘ib (play) and lahw (amusement) – temporary distractions that can make you forget your real purpose.
• The true, stable home is the Hereafter, and it is better for those who have taqwā.
• “Will you not understand” is a direct challenge to the mind: if you use your ‘aql properly, you will not sacrifice the eternal for something that is just a game.

• Allah tells the Prophet that He knows how much their words hurt him.
• In reality, they are not rejecting him as a person – they are rejecting the revelations of Allah.
• Previous messengers were also denied and harmed, but they stayed patient until Allah’s help came.
• No one can change the words or decrees of Allah – His promise to support His messengers stands firm.

• The Prophet is told that even if their rejection is very hard on him, he cannot force guidance on them.
• Even if he could dig a tunnel into the earth or climb a ladder into the sky to bring a “special sign”, it would not change a heart that refuses to listen.
• If Allah had willed, He could have gathered them all on guidance, but He created a world of choice and testing.
• Only those who truly “listen” in their hearts respond; the rest are described as “dead” whom Allah will raise and return to Him.
• People still demand supernatural signs, but Allah tells the Prophet: He can send them if He wills; the real problem is not the lack of signs but the lack of sincerity.

• Every creature on earth and each bird on its wings are ummam (communities) like us: they have a system, provision, and their own way.
• Nothing is neglected in Allah’s “Book of decrees” – all is recorded and known.
• All of them will be gathered to their Lord, showing that accountability is not only for humans, but that the creation is not random or wasted.

• Those who deny the ayāt of Allah are described as deaf, dumb, and in darkness: they lose their ability to hear, speak, and see the truth properly.
• Allah sends astray whoever insists on turning away, and He guides whoever wants the straight path and seeks it sincerely.
• This is not random: it is tied to the person’s attitude to the truth.

• Allah asks them to think: if His punishment comes, or the Hour arrives, will they call on their idols, saints, or helpers – or will they call on Allah alone?
• The reality is exposed: in real crisis, they forget everyone else and call only on Allah.
• If He wills, He removes the hardship, and then they go back to forgetting Him and returning to their shirk.

• Allah sent messengers to earlier nations and then tested them with hardship and adversity.
• The goal was that they would humble themselves, drop their arrogance, and return to Allah.
• Instead, most of them did not humble themselves when the punishment touched them.
• Their hearts hardened, and shayṭān beautified their actions for them, so sin and false beliefs started to look “good” and “normal”.

• When they completely forgot what they had been reminded of, Allah “opened the gates of everything” for them:
  • More wealth, more ease, more opportunities – they felt secure and happy.
• Just when they were rejoicing and feeling safe, Allah seized them suddenly, and they fell into despair – no time to repent, no escape.
• The “roots” of the wrongdoers were cut off – a total uprooting of their power and existence.
• All praise in the end belongs only to Allah, Lord of the worlds, Who judges with perfect justice.

• Allah asks them to think: if He took away their hearing, sight, and sealed their hearts, who besides Him could ever restore these?
• This exposes how powerless all “partners” and “intercessors” are – even your own senses are not in your control; they belong to Allah.
• He says He explains the āyāt in many different ways, yet people still turn away. So the problem is not lack of clarity, but lack of sincerity.

• They are asked again to imagine Allah’s punishment coming: who is actually destroyed? Only those who do ẓulm (wrongdoing).
• This verse shows that Allah’s punishment is not random; it comes with justice, especially against those who persist in arrogance and denial.

• Messengers are sent as: bashīr (bearers of glad tidings for the obedient) and nadhīr (warners to the disobedient).
• Whoever believes and reforms his behaviour will have no fear and no grief in the ultimate sense.
• Those who deny the āyāt and insist on disobedience will feel the touch of punishment because of their own actions – not because Allah wronged them.

• The Prophet is commanded to clearly say:
  • He does not have the treasures of Allah.
  • He does not know the unseen.
  • He is not an angel.
• His job is to follow what is revealed, not to claim divine powers.
• “Are the blind and the seer equal?” – those blind to the āyāt and those who see the truth are not the same. Allah asks people to reflect and think, not to follow blind tradition.
This verse destroys the excuse that “the Prophet secretly had unseen powers and can control our lives now.” The Qur’an makes him a human messenger who follows revelation, not a mini-god.

• The Qur’an is to warn those who seriously fear standing before Allah, realizing there is no protector or intercessor besides Him.
• This is pure tawḥīd: on that Day, there is no real safekeeping except from Allah Himself.
• Any “intercession” people invent in this world (sheikh, saint, idol, etc.) disappears if Allah does not allow it.

• The Prophet is forbidden from pushing away those who call upon their Lord morning and evening, seeking His Face – even if they are poor or socially “low”.
• He is not responsible for their deeds, and they are not responsible for his. So there is no excuse to exclude them for worldly status.
• If he were to send them away to please the arrogant elite, he himself would be among the wrongdoers.
• Allah says this is a test: some people are tested by seeing humble believers and thinking, “Are these the ones Allah favored and not us?”
• Allah knows best who is truly grateful and sincere – not the ones with position, fame, or money.

• The Prophet is told: when believing people come to you, greet them with peace and remind them that Allah has written mercy upon Himself.
• Whoever does wrong out of ignorance, then repents and corrects themselves, will find Allah Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
• Allah explains the āyāt in detail so that the path of the criminals becomes clear – no one can say “we didn’t know the difference” between truth and falsehood.

• The Prophet must declare he cannot worship the “gods” they call upon besides Allah.
• He will not follow their desires; doing so would mean misguidance and leaving the straight path.
• He is on clear proof from his Lord, but they deny it.
• They want him to bring punishment quickly, but he clarifies: he does not control that; judgment belongs only to Allah.
• If he had control over what they are trying to hasten (punishment), the matter would have been finished already, but Allah knows best who are the wrongdoers and when to seize them.

• All “keys of the unseen” are with Allah alone – no prophet, imam, sheikh, or saint shares this with Him.
• He knows everything on land and sea, every falling leaf, every grain in the darkness of the earth, everything wet and dry – all is recorded in a clear Book.
• This is a total, perfect knowledge – past, present, future, hidden and visible.
If only Allah owns the unseen, then any claim that a human knows the unseen independently is a lie against Allah. The Qur’an makes this boundary very clear.

• Allah “takes your souls by night” – sleep is like a small death where control is removed from you.
• He knows what you do by day, then wakes you up so that your fixed term (your lifetime) can be completed.
• Then your final return is to Him, and He will inform you of everything you used to do.
• This reminds us daily: every night and morning is a small rehearsal of death and resurrection.

• Allah is al-Qāhir (Omnipotent) over His slaves and places guardians (angels) over us.
• When death comes, the “messengers” here are the angels of death who take the soul without failing their duty.
• After death, everyone is returned to Allah, the true Lord. The final judgment belongs only to Him, and His reckoning is swift and perfect.

• Allah reminds them of a situation: trapped in the “darkness of land and sea” (like a storm, accident, or disaster) and suddenly they call only on Him, sincerely and secretly.
• They promise that if He saves them, they will be grateful – many people do this instinctively.
• Allah says it is He who saves them from that hardship and “all other distresses” – yet after safety, they go back to associating partners with Him.
When life gets serious, people drop their idols and call only Allah. That proves deep down they know only He has real power.

• Allah can send punishment from above (like storms, stones, bombardment) or from beneath (earthquakes, sinkholes, collapse).
• He can also punish by splitting people into factions and making them taste each other’s violence – civil war, sectarian fighting, mutual oppression.
• Again He says the signs are presented in many forms so that people might understand.

• The Prophet’s own people deny the Qur’an even though it is the truth.
• He is told: he is not set over them as a controller – his duty is to convey, not to force guidance.
• Every piece of news has an appointed time – when reality arrives, they will see the consequences of their denial.

• When people mock, argue uselessly, or play games with Allah’s verses, the Prophet is commanded to leave that gathering until they move to a different topic.
• If he forgets and sits with them, then remembers, he must not remain with the wrongdoing people.
• Those who truly fear Allah are not accountable for the sins of those mockers – but they must still give the reminder, in case the mockers turn and fear Allah.
This teaches us not to normalise gatherings where Allah’s āyāt are mocked or twisted for entertainment. We give reminder, but we do not sit comfortably in that environment.

• We are told to leave those who treat their religion as play and amusement and are deceived by worldly life.
• Still, the Qur’an must be used as a reminder so that no soul is destroyed by what it has earned without having been warned.
• Such a person will find no protector or intercessor besides Allah, and no ransom will be accepted.
• They have effectively ruined themselves; their “reward” is boiling water to drink and painful punishment because they chose disbelief.

• Is it sensible to call on others besides Allah – ones that cannot help or harm – after Allah has guided us?
• Allah gives the example of a person whom devils have lured away, wandering in confusion on earth, while sincere companions call him: “Come to us, to guidance.”
• Real guidance is only Allah’s guidance. We have been commanded:
  • to submit to the Lord of the Worlds,
  • to establish prayer,
  • to have taqwā (fear and consciousness of Him),
  • and to remember that to Him alone we will be gathered.

• Allah created the heavens and the earth “in truth” – with wisdom, purpose, and justice.
• On the Day He says “Be”, it will be – His Word is absolute Truth.
• On the day the Trumpet is blown, the full dominion and obvious kingship will be His.
• He knows the unseen and the seen; He is All-Wise, All-Aware – nothing escapes Him.

• Ibrahim (Abraham) speaks to his father Azar: taking idols as gods is “manifest error” – it is clearly wrong even by basic reason.
• Allah shows Ibrahim the “kingdom of the heavens and the earth” so that he would be among those with certainty: his faith is built on reflection and seeing the signs of Allah in creation.
• The next verses (which will follow) show how Ibrahim uses the star, moon, and sun as an argument to expose the stupidity of worshipping things that rise and set.

• Ibrahim observes the star and, in front of his people, says “This is my Lord” as part of an argument, not real belief.
• When the star sets, he concludes: “I love not those that set” – anything that disappears, changes, or is limited cannot be a true Lord.
• This is a logical demolition of worshipping created, changing things.

• He repeats the argument with the moon, which looks bigger and brighter than the star.
• When it sets, he declares that without guidance from his Lord, he would be among those who go astray.
• This shows:
  • we cannot rely on mere appearances (brightness, size, “beauty”) in worship,
  • true guidance must come from Allah, not from our desires or culture.

• The sun appears even greater, so he says, “This is my Lord. This is greater,” again as part of the argument.
• When the sun also sets, he turns to his people and clearly disowns their shirk: he is “indeed free” from what they associate with Allah.
• He shows them practically that everything they worship (stars, moon, sun) disappears and is controlled – so none of it can be a true Lord.

• Ibrahim now states his real position: he turns his face to the One who created the heavens and the earth.
• “Firmly upright” (ḥanīfan) means he inclines away from all shirk and towards pure tawḥīd.
• He openly declares that he is not among those who associate others with Allah.

• His people argue with him, but he answers calmly: “Do you dispute with me concerning Allah while He has guided me?”
• He does not fear their idols at all; the only exception is if his Lord wills some test for him.
• Allah’s knowledge surrounds everything; their idols have no knowledge and no power.
• Ibrahim turns the question back: they are not scared of committing shirk without any authority from Allah, yet they expect him to fear their false gods.
• He asks: which group has more right to feel secure:
  • those who worship the Creator alone, or
  • those who invent partners without any proof?

• Those who believe and do not mix their belief with “wrongdoing” (ẓulm) are the ones who really have security and are guided.
• Elsewhere the Qur’an clarifies that the greatest “wrongdoing” is shirk – associating others with Allah.
• So real spiritual safety is: īmān without shirk.

• Allah calls this method of reasoning “Our argument” given to Ibrahim against his people.
• It is a rational, clear argument based on:
  • observing the universe,
  • showing the weakness of created things,
  • and directing the mind back to the true Creator.
• Allah raises in rank whom He wills; your Lord is All-Wise and All-Knowing in whom He chooses and how He guides.

• Allah lists a chain of prophets granted to Ibrahim and from his descendants: Isaac, Jacob, Noah, David, Solomon, Job, Joseph, Moses, Aaron, Zakariyya, John, Jesus, Elias, Ishmael, Elisha, Jonah, Lot.
• All of them were:
  • guided by Allah,
  • righteous,
  • and preferred above the nations of their time.
• Allah also chose some of their fathers, children and brothers – it is one family of prophethood on one straight path.

• This guidance from Allah is what He gives to whom He wills among His slaves.
• If even these prophets had done shirk (which they did not), all their deeds would have become worthless.
• This shows that tawḥīd is the foundation: without it, nothing else stands, even for the best of people.

• These prophets were given:
  • the Book (revelation),
  • authority (wisdom, judgment, leadership),
  • and prophethood.
• If the current people disbelieve in this message, Allah will entrust it to another people who will not disbelieve in it.
• Those are the ones whom Allah guided, so the Prophet is told to follow their guidance – i.e. follow the same tawḥīd, same truthfulness, same justice.
• He is commanded to say he asks no reward from the people; the Qur’an is only a reminder to all nations, not a business or personal gain.

• They claim “Allah has not sent down to a human being anything,” which is effectively denying all revelation.
• Allah answers: who sent down the Book given to Musa, a light and guidance?
• They put that scripture on parchments, show some of it and hide much of it, and they were taught by it knowledge they and their fathers didn’t know.
• The command is: say “Allah (sent it down),” then leave them in their vain talk. If they play with revelation, they only harm themselves.

• The Qur’an is:
  • a blessed Book,
  • confirming what was revealed before it,
  • and sent so the “mother of towns” (Makkah) and those around it can be warned.
• Those who truly believe in the Hereafter:
  • believe in the Qur’an,
  • and guard their prayers consistently.

• The most unjust is:
  • the one who invents a lie against Allah,
  • claims “It has been inspired to me” when no inspiration came,
  • or says “I will reveal something like what Allah revealed.”
• Their end at death is humiliation: the angels say “Discharge your souls” and remind them that the punishment is because of their lies about Allah and arrogance against His verses.
• This is a direct warning against anyone who fabricates religious speech and attributes it to Allah.

• Humans return to Allah alone, as they were first created.
• Everything given in the world is left behind.
• The intercessors they used to claim as “partners” with Allah are nowhere to be found.
• All the false connections are cut off; everything they claimed is lost.

• Allah splits the seed and kernel, brings life from death and death from life – He is the cause behind every “natural” process.
• He splits the daybreak, made night for rest and sun/moon as tools for measurement of time.
• He placed stars as a means of guidance in land and sea.
• He created humans from a single soul, gave them places of residence and storage.
• He sends water, brings out all kinds of crops, clustered grain, dates, grapes, olives, pomegranates – similar in shape yet different in taste and quality.
• We are told to look at the fruits as they grow and ripen – this is an invitation to reflect on His power, wisdom, and perfect design.

• Despite all these signs, some people still attribute partners to Allah from the jinn, and even claim He has sons and daughters – all without knowledge.
• Allah is glorified and far above what they ascribe.
• He is the Originator of the heavens and earth; He has no companion, yet people claim He has a son.
• He created everything and knows everything; He is:
  • the only true God,
  • the Creator and Guardian of all things,
  • beyond our vision, while He fully comprehends all vision.
• He is the Most Subtle (aware of the finest details) and the All Aware (nothing escapes His knowledge).

• The Qur’an brings “insights” (baṣā’ir) from the Lord: whoever benefits from them does so for himself; whoever is blind harms only himself.
• The messenger is not a controller over them; his job is to convey.
• The verses are explained in multiple ways:
  • so that some will accuse the Prophet of “studying from someone”,
  • but also so that the people of knowledge can see clearly that this is divine revelation.

• The command is simple: follow what has been revealed from your Lord.
• There is no god except Him, so turn away from those who do shirk; your duty is to follow revelation, not to force them.
• If Allah had willed, they would not have done shirk; this shows that forced belief is not the method – guidance is by Allah’s will and their response.
• The messenger is not set as a watcher or guardian over them; he delivers the message.

• Believers are commanded not to insult what the disbelievers call on besides Allah.
• If we insult their false objects of worship, they may respond by insulting Allah out of ignorance and hatred.
• This is a principle: even when we reject falsehood clearly, we must avoid actions that cause greater disrespect to Allah.
• Each people have had their deeds made to appear attractive to them; in the end, everyone returns to their Lord and He informs them of what they did.

• They swear their strongest oaths that if a sign came, they would believe.
• Allah tells the Prophet to answer that signs are only with Allah – and even if the sign came, they still would not believe.
• Because they rejected when guidance first came, their hearts and eyes are turned away, and they are left wandering blindly in their rebellion.
• This is a warning: repeatedly rejecting clear guidance can close a person’s heart such that even more signs no longer benefit them.

• Even if angels came down, the dead spoke, and everything was gathered in front of them, they would still not believe unless Allah willed.
• This shows their problem is not lack of evidence, but a hardened heart and stubbornness.

• Every prophet was given enemies from both humans and jinn:
  • devils among mankind and jinn,
  • who inspire each other with beautiful-sounding, deceptive speech.
• If Allah had willed, they would not have done this – meaning Allah allows it as a test.
• Such speech attracts the hearts of those who do not believe in the Hereafter: they like it, feel pleased with it, and keep acquiring more evil through it.

• The Prophet is told to say: should anyone be taken as judge besides Allah, when it is Allah who sent down the detailed Qur’an?
• Those given previous scripture know this Qur’an is truly from Allah.
• Allah’s Word is completed in:
  • truth (no falsehood), and
  • justice (no injustice).
• No one can change His Words; He hears and knows everything.

• If you follow most people on earth, they will mislead you from Allah’s way.
• The majority often:
  • follow guesswork and culture,
  • and speak lies without real knowledge.
• Allah alone knows best who is truly astray and who is guided.
• Eating from what Allah’s name has been mentioned upon is allowed; He has already detailed what is forbidden, except when you are genuinely compelled.
• Many still mislead others by desires, without knowledge – Allah knows best the transgressors.

• Leave sin both:
  • open (visible), and
  • hidden (secret, in the heart or private).
• Those who earn sin will be repaid for what they used to do.
• Do not eat from what Allah’s name was not mentioned upon – it is filth and linked to shirk practices.
• Devils whisper to their friends to argue with believers; if you obey them, you become from the people of shirk.

• Example:
  • One person was “dead” (spiritually), Allah gave him life and a light to walk with among people.
  • Another is in deep darkness, unable ever to come out.
• This is a parable of:
  • the believer guided by Qur’an, versus
  • the disbeliever stuck in misguidance.
• In every town, the biggest criminals are usually the ones plotting, but their plots only return upon themselves and they do not realize it.

• When a sign comes, they say: “We will not believe until we are given what the messengers were given.”
• This is envy and arrogance — they want prophet-level status or miracles on demand.
• Allah knows best where to place His message.
• The criminals will face:
  • humiliation from Allah, and
  • severe punishment,
  because of their conspiracies and arrogance.

• Whoever Allah wants to guide:
  • He expands his chest for Islam – Islam feels natural, open, and spacious.
• Whoever Allah wills to misguide:
  • His chest becomes tight and constricted,
  • as if he is climbing into the sky, struggling to breathe.
• This is how Allah places disgrace upon those who refuse to believe.
• The path of the Lord is straight, and the verses are detailed for those who accept reminders.

• For the believers who accepted guidance:
  • there is “Dār al-Salām” – the abode of peace (Paradise),
  • and Allah Himself is their protecting friend because of what they used to do.

• On that Day, Allah addresses the jinn: they misled many humans.
• Human companions of the jinn admit: they benefited from each other in the world, and have now reached the appointed term.
• The verdict:
  • The Fire is their home, forever, except as Allah wills.
  • Allah is All Wise, All Knowing.
• Wrongdoers are made friends/allies of each other because of what they earned – misguidance attracts similar company.
• Allah reminds both jinn and humans: messengers came from among them, reciting His verses and warning of this very Day.
• They confess against themselves: dunya life deceived them, and they admit they were disbelievers.

• Allah does not destroy towns unjustly while their people are unaware. Messengers are sent first so that proof is completed.
• Everyone will have ranks according to what they did; nothing is hidden from Allah.
• Allah is rich and independent, yet merciful. He can replace a nation with others, just as He raised this ummah from previous nations.
• What Allah promised – the Day of Resurrection and judgment – is absolutely certain. No one can escape it.

• The Prophet is told to say to his people:
  • “Work according to your way; I am also working.”
  • In the Hereafter, it will become clear whose outcome is best.
• Oppressors and wrongdoers will not prosper in the end.

• They split their crops and cattle: “This is for Allah” and “this is for our partners,” but what is for the partners never actually reaches Allah, and what is for Allah they redirect to their idols. A twisted logic.
• Their so-called “partners” made killing their own children seem beautiful:
  • This ruined them,
  • and confused their religion.
• They invented haram categories of cattle, and rules about who can eat what, and when Allah's name is mentioned – all lies against Allah.
• Those who kill their children out of ignorance and forbid what Allah allowed are truly misguided and not on guidance at all.

• Allah produced:
  • trellised and untrellised gardens,
  • date palms, varied crops, olives, pomegranates.
• We are told:
  • Eat their fruits when they ripen.
  • Give the due (zakāh/charity) on the day of harvest.
  • Do not waste – Allah does not love the extravagant.
• Cattle are for riding and carrying loads, and also for food. We must eat what Allah has permitted and avoid following Shayṭān, who is a clear enemy.

• Allah mentions four pairs (sheep, goats, camels, oxen – male and female) and asks them to specify:
  • Which exact sex did Allah forbid?
  • Or is it what’s inside the womb?
  • Were you present when Allah gave such a command?
• They have no revelation or knowledge—just lies invented about Allah.
• Such lies are used to mislead people without knowledge; Allah does not guide such wrongdoers.

• The Prophet is told to list what is truly forbidden:
  • carrion (dead meat),
  • flowing blood,
  • swine flesh,
  • anything dedicated to other than Allah.
• In cases of necessity, without rebellion or excess, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.
• For the Jews, extra prohibitions were given (animals with claws, certain fats) as a punishment for rebellion.
• If they still deny the Prophet, he is to say: Allah has vast mercy but His punishment will not be turned back from criminal people.

• Those who commit shirk claim:
  • “If Allah had willed, we and our fathers would not have done shirk, or forbidden anything.”
• This is an excuse to hide behind qadar (destiny) while ignoring that Allah already forbade their actions.
• Previous nations used the same excuse until punishment came.
• They have no knowledge, only conjecture and guesswork.
• Say: Allah has the final, conclusive argument. If He had so willed, He could have guided all, but He chose to test us with free will.

• Allah challenges them to bring real witnesses that Allah made certain things haram. Even if they bring such “witnesses,” the Prophet must not agree with them.
• We are told not to follow those:
  • who deny Allah’s verses,
  • who do not believe in the Hereafter,
  • and who equate others with their Lord.
• Allah then lists what He has truly forbidden:
  • No shirk with Him.
  • Kindness to parents.
  • Do not kill children due to poverty; Allah provides for all.
  • Avoid all shameful deeds, outward and inward.
  • Do not kill any soul Allah has made sacred, except with justice.
  • Do not approach the property of the orphan except to improve it, until maturity.
  • Give full measure and weight with justice.
  • Speak justly, even against close relatives.
  • Fulfil Allah’s covenant.
• This is His clear, straight path; other paths will split you away from His way.

• Mūsā (Moses) was given the Book (Torah) as:
  • completion of favor,
  • detailed explanation,
  • guidance and mercy,
  so that they believe in meeting their Lord.
  • The Qur’an is likewise a blessed Book to be followed and feared (with taqwā), so mercy can be given.
  • Excuses are removed:
    • We can’t say: “The Book was only sent to people before us and we were unaware.”
    • We can’t say: “If it was sent to us, we’d be better guided.”
  • Now that the Qur’an has come as clear evidence, guidance and mercy, whoever turns away from it will face a painful punishment.
• 6:158 – Last chances and when repentance no longer helps:
  • Are they waiting for:
    • angels to come,
    • or Allah’s coming,
    • or some of His great signs?
  • When certain signs appear, belief will not benefit the one who:
    • did not believe before,
    • or did not earn good deeds with his faith.
  • The Prophet is told: “Wait; we are also waiting.” Meaning: the time of decisive outcome is coming.
• 6:159–160 – Condemning sects and multiplying the reward:
  • Those who split their religion into sects – the Prophet has nothing to do with them. Their case is with Allah alone.
  • The principle of reward and punishment:
    • One good deed = ten times its like.
    • One evil deed = only its equal.
    • No one is wronged by Allah.
• 6:161–165 – The straight path of Abraham and total devotion to Allah:
  • The Prophet declares:
    • His Lord has guided him to the straight path,
    • the upright religion of Ibrāhīm (Abraham), who was pure in faith, without shirk.
  • He states that:
    • his prayer,
    • his sacrifice,
    • his living,
    • and his dying
    are all for Allah, Lord of the worlds, with no partner.
    • Each soul is responsible only for what it has earned. No one carries another’s burden.
    • All will return to Allah; He will judge all disputes.
    • Allah made humans successors (khulafā’) on earth, raising some above others in rank as a test.
    • He is:
      • swift in punishment when people persist in evil, and
      • Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful for those who repent and obey.
  Key reminder from 6:131–165: Allah never punishes a people without sending messengers and clarifying the truth. People invent lies about halal and haram, and even justify major crimes like killing their children, then hide behind destiny as an excuse. In contrast, Allah Himself lists the real prohibitions and His straight path: pure monotheism, kindness to parents, protection of life and orphans, honesty, justice, and fulfilling His covenant. The Qur’an comes as a blessed Book that removes all excuses. Our worship, sacrifice, life and death must be only for Allah, following the way of Abraham, without sectarianism or shirk.